BLOOD SUGAR CHART
The Dangerous Blood Sugar Level goes as under:
90-160
Normal. This is the ideal range.
160-240
Too high. Work on bringing blood sugar down.
240-300
This is very high and indicates that diabetes is out of control.
300-up
Danger. Call your doctor immediately.
What is Diabetes ?
Diabetes is a disease where the blood sugar runs too high, usually due to not enough insulin. It can cause terrible long-term complications if it is not treated properly. The most common serious complications are blindness, kidney failure requiring dependence on a dialysis machine to stay alive, and foot and leg amputations. The good news is that these complications can almost always be prevented if you keep your blood sugar near the normal range.
How to keep normal blood sugar level ?
The best way to keep low blood sugar is to eat a healthy diet and do regular exercise. Just 20 minutes of walking 4 or 5 times a week can do wonders for lowering blood sugar.
Eating a healthy diet is also very important. Do your best to limit the number of calories you eat each day. Put smaller portions of food on your plate and eat more slowly so that your body has a chance to let you know when it's had enough to eat.
It is also very important to limit saturated fats in your diet. Read food labels carefully to see which foods are high in saturated fats. Particular foods to cut down on are: whole milk and 2% milk, cheese, ice cream, fast foods, butter, bacon, sausage, beef, chicken with the skin on (skinless chicken is fine), doughnuts, cookies, chocolate, and nuts.
Often, diet and exercise alone are not enough to control blood sugar. In this case, medicine is needed to bring the blood sugar down further. Often pills are enough, but sometimes insulin injections are needed. If medicines to lower blood sugar are started, it is still very important to keep doing regular exercise and eating a healthy diet.
High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia)
What is high blood sugar ?
In general, a blood sugar reading of more than 180 mg/dL or any reading above your target range is too high. A blood sugar reading of 300 mg/dL or more can be dangerous. If you have 2 readings in a row of 300 or more, call your doctor.
What causes high blood sugar ?
Anything that can raise your blood sugar can cause it to go too high. Not having the right dose or kind of diabetes medicine, being ill or stressed, forgetting to take your diabetes pills or insulin, doing less exercise than usual, or eating more carbohydrates than usual are all things that can cause your blood sugar to go too high. Although it is frustrating, blood sugar levels can also be too high for no clear reason. Sometimes these high levels may be the first sign of an infection, illness or stress. Blood sugar levels can go very high when you are ill. Talk with your health care team about creating a ‘sick day plan’ to manage your diabetes when you have a cold, flu or other illness.
How will I feel when my blood sugar is too high ?
At times you might not notice any symptoms of high blood sugar. Other times,
you may feel the way you did when you first had diabetes.
You may:
• feel weak and tired
• have blurred vision
• go to the bathroom more
often
• have a dry mouth
• be thirsty
• feel nauseated and vomit
If you have any of these symptoms, check your blood sugar level to see if that
is the problem. If your blood sugar levels are high for several days, you may
also feel hungry, nauseated or dizzy when you stand. If your blood sugar keeps
going higher, other people may notice that you act confused. This is an
emergency, and you need to go to the hospital right away. If you aren’t treated,
you can go into a coma.
How can I treat high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) ?
First, drink plenty of water or sugar-free fluid to help “flush” the sugar from
your bloodstream. Think about why your blood sugar is high!
Blood sugar can
be high due to:
• illness or infection
• stress
• less activity than normal
• missed diabetes medicine
• eating more carbohydrates
• a new medicine
If you’ve just not been in your usual routine, your blood sugar should go back
to normal once your routine goes back to normal.
But if you feel ill, see blood sugar over 300 twice in a row, or see blood sugar
above your target range for more than a week, then you should call your doctor.
Ask your doctor, nurse or dietitian:
1. What is the target range for my blood sugar readings?
2. What should I do when my blood sugar readings are too high?
3. When should I call you about high blood sugar levels?
4. Can you help me to make a sick day plan?
High Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes
Your diabetes is well controlled when your blood glucose levels are in the normal
range between 3.5 – 8mmol/L.
High blood glucose levels are readings over 8mmol/L before meals, over 10mmol/L
after meals or an HbA1c over 7%.
When your blood glucose levels are high:
• You may not experience symptoms until blood glucose levels are mostly above
15mmol/L. However, even levels above 8mmol/L can cause damage.
• Occasional high blood glucose levels may occur and this is not usually a problem.
Your risk of developing diabetes complications depends on your average blood
glucose level, as shown by your HbA1c level.
Blood glucose levels above 15mmol/L (known as hyperglycaemia) may cause the
following symptoms:
• extreme thirst
• tiredness
• passing large amounts of urine
• blurred vision
If high blood glucose levels continue, you may also have weight loss and ongoing
infections, such as thrush.
Sometimes people do not have symptoms even when
the blood glucose level is higher than normal.
What causes high blood glucose levels ?
Blood glucose levels may rise during illness, infection, stress, and cortisone
treatment. Inactivity, weight gain or eating large amounts of food containing
carbohydrates may also cause levels to rise. During stress and illness, increased
levels of some hormones are produced, which in turn raise the level of glucose in
your blood. Extra insulin can manage this rise, but with diabetes the pancreas is
unable to produce this extra insulin on demand.
For some people, the pancreas produces less insulin over time. This means that
blood glucose levels may no longer be controlled with diet and exercise alone. The
natural progression in most people with type 2 diabetes is for tablets to be needed
after a few years. Many people will also eventually need insulin.
If blood glucose levels remain above 8mmol/L for many years, damage may occur to
your body’s blood vessels and organs. Your heart, nerves, eyes, kidneys and feet
may be particularly affected.
Tips for lowering high blood glucose levels
• Check your blood glucose levels often – up to four times per day. Check
before and 2 hours after meals to identify problem times. Record them in your
meter or diary to discuss with your health professional.
• Be more physically active. Exercise makes your insulin work more effectively
and helps with weight loss. Even a small amount of weight loss will improve
your blood glucose levels.
• Check your eating habits to see if there is room for improvement. Keep a food
record over 2 to 3 days to help you identify changes that would improve your
blood glucose.
• If stress is a problem, try to reduce it. Strategies include taking a walk, talking
to a friend or counsellor, or trying some “time-out” for meditation or relaxation.
Try to identify the cause of your stress and ways you can change what is
happening around you. Changing the way you think and feel about it can also
help.
• Speak to your doctor about changing your dose and/or medication. You need
to take all of your prescribed medication for it to be effective. Don’t change
your dose or stop taking tablets without discussing this with your doctor.
If your blood glucose levels are very high (above 15) or you are unwell
• Check your blood glucose levels more frequently – at least 4 times per day.
Record them in your meter or diary to discuss with your health professional.
• Drink plenty of sugar-free fluids, such as water, mineral water, diet soft drinks.
Dehydration can develop quickly, especially if you have diarrhoea or vomiting.
• If you take diabetes medication, continue your usual dose, even if you are not
eating. Your doctor may need to increase your dose or you may need a
change of medication or insulin.
• If you are not currently taking medication, you will most likely need to start
tablets or possibly insulin, at least until you are well again.
• Continue eating if possible. Light meals such as toast, dry biscuits or fruit may
be preferred. If you cannot eat and your blood glucose is under 15mmol/L, sip
sweetened fluids instead.
• Rest until you are feeling well.
Contact your doctor if
• Your blood glucose levels remain higher than 10mmol/L for a week, or more than
15mmol/L for 24 hours
• You become unwell or drowsy
• You are vomiting or have diarrhoea for more than 24 hours
• You are unable to keep fluids down for more than 12 hours
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